Net income from operations before provision for income taxes is shown below:

The provision for income tax expense by jurisdiction and the effective tax rate for the three and six months ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 are shown below:

Tax Balances and Activity

Income Taxes Payable

As of December 31, 2020 and June 30, 2020, income taxes payable totaled $0.7 million and $2.1 million, respectively.

Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will be realized by evaluating both positive and negative evidence. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible.  As of December 31, 2020 and June 30, 2020, management concluded that it was more likely than not that the Company would be able to realize the benefit of the U.S. federal and state deferred tax assets. We based this conclusion on historical and projected operating performance, as well as our expectation that our operations will generate sufficient taxable income in future periods to realize the tax benefits associated with the deferred tax assets.  A tax valuation allowance was considered unnecessary as of December 31, 2020 and June 30, 2020

As of December 31, 2020 and June 30, 2020, the condensed consolidated balance sheet reflects the deferred tax items for each tax-paying component (i.e., federal and state), resulting in a state deferred tax asset of $1.0 million and a federal deferred tax liability of $1.1 million, respectively.

Net Operating Loss Carryforwards and Tax Credits

As of December 31, 2020 and June 30, 2020, the Company has approximately $12.6 million and $12.6 million of state net operating loss carryforwards, respectively.  As of December 31, 2020 and June 30, 2020, the Company’s tax-effected net operating loss carryforwards were $0.9 million and $0.9 million respectively. The state net operating loss carryforwards start to expire in the fiscal year ending June 30, 2025.

Unrecognized Tax Benefits

The Company has taken or expects to take certain tax benefits on its income tax return filings that it has not recognized a tax benefit (i.e., an unrecognized tax benefit) on its consolidated statements of income. The Company's measurement of its uncertain tax positions is based on management's assessment of all relevant information, including, but not limited to prior audit experience, audit settlement, or lapse of the applicable statute of limitations.  For the six months ended December 31, 2020, there was no material movement in unrecognized tax benefits including interest and penalties.