17. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Shelf Registration Statement

On September 25, 2020, the Company filed a universal shelf registration statement on Form S-3, which was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 4, 2021, on which the Company registered for sale up to $150.0 million of any combination of its debt securities, shares of common stock, shares of preferred stock, rights, warrants, units and/or purchase contracts from time to time and at prices and on terms that the Company may determine. After a public offering of common stock in March 2021, approximately $69.5 million of securities remain available for issuance under this shelf registration statement. Securities may be offered or sold under this registration statement until March 2024.

Dividends

On July 5, 2023, the Company's board of directors declared a regular dividend of $0.20 per share of common stock to stockholders of record at the close of business on July 17, 2023. The dividend was paid on July 28, 2023 and totaled $4.7 million.

On August 17, 2023, the Company's board of directors declared a non-recurring special dividend of $1.00 per share of common stock to share to stockholders of record at the close of business on September 12, 2023. The dividend was paid on September 26, 2023 and totaled $23.4 million.

On August 17, 2023, the Company's board of directors also declared a regular cash dividend of $0.20 per share of common share to stockholders of record at the close of business on October 10, 2023. The dividend was paid on October 24, 2023 and totaled $4.6 million.

Share Repurchase Program

In April 2018, the Company's board of directors approved a share repurchase program which authorized the Company to purchase up to 1,000,000 shares (as adjusted for the two-for-one split of A-Mark’s common stock in the form of a stock dividend in fiscal 2022) of its common stock. The share repurchase program was initially announced on May 8, 2018. In fiscal 2023, we repurchased a total of 335,735 shares under the program for $9.8 million. In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2023, the board revised the repurchase program to authorize the purchase of up to 1,000,000 shares of our common stock, in addition to the shares previously repurchased, and extended the expiration date from June 30, 2023 to June 30, 2028. Prior to fiscal 2023, no shares had been repurchased under our share repurchase program.

In the first quarter of fiscal 2024, we repurchased a total of 171,268 shares under the program for $5.0 million. As of September 30, 2023, we have repurchased a total of 507,003 shares for $14.8 million.

Under the share repurchase program, we may repurchase shares of our common stock from time to time at prevailing market prices, depending on market conditions, through open market or privately negotiated transactions. Subject to applicable corporate securities laws, repurchases may be made at such times and prices and in amounts as management deems appropriate. We are not obligated to repurchase any shares under the program, and repurchases under the program may be discontinued if management determines that additional repurchases are not warranted.

2014 Stock Award and Incentive Plan

The Company's amended and restated 2014 Stock Award and Incentive Plan (the "2014 Plan") was approved most recently on October 27, 2022 by the Company's stockholders. As of September 30, 2023, 1,271,965 stock options, 86,803 restricted stock units, were outstanding, and 1,727,609 shares were available for issuance of new awards under the 2014 Plan.

Under the 2014 Plan, the Company may grant options and other equity awards as a means of attracting and retaining officers, employees, non-employee directors and consultants, to provide incentives to such persons, and to align the interests of such persons with the interests of stockholders by providing compensation based on the value of the Company's stock. Awards under the 2014 Plan may be granted in the form of incentive or non-qualified stock options, stock appreciation rights ("SARs"), restricted stock, RSUs, dividend equivalent rights, other stock-based awards (which may include outright grants of shares) and cash incentive awards. The 2014 Plan also authorizes grants of awards with performance-based conditions and market-based conditions. The 2014 Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee of the board of directors, which, in its discretion, may select officers and other employees, directors (including non-employee directors) and consultants to the Company and its subsidiaries to receive grants of awards. The board of directors itself may perform any of the functions of the Compensation Committee under the 2014 Plan.

Under the 2014 Plan, the exercise price of options and base price of SARs, as set by the Compensation Committee, generally may not be less than the fair market value of the shares on the date of grant, and the maximum term of stock options and SARs is ten years. The 2014 Plan limits the number of share-denominated awards that may be granted to any one eligible person in any fiscal year to 500,000 shares plus the participant's unused annual limit at the close of the previous year. Also, in the case of non-employee directors, the 2014 Plan limits the maximum grant-date fair value at $300,000 of stock-denominated awards granted to a director in a given fiscal year, except for a non-employee Chairman of the Board whose grant-date fair value maximum is $600,000 per fiscal year. The 2014 Plan will terminate when no shares remain available for issuance and no awards remain outstanding; however, the authority to grant new awards will terminate on October 27, 2032.

Stock Options

The Company measures the compensation cost of stock options using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, which uses various inputs such as the market price per share of common stock and estimates that include the risk-free interest rate, volatility, expected life and dividend yield.

During the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company incurred $0.2 million and $0.3 million of compensation expense related to stock options, respectively. As of September 30, 2023, there was total remaining compensation expense of $0.6 million related to employee stock options, which will be recorded over a weighted average vesting period of approximately 0.8 years

The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding and exercisable as of September 30, 2023:

Restricted Stock Units

RSUs granted by the Company are not transferable and automatically convert to shares of common stock on a one-for-one basis as the awards vest or at a specified date after vesting. RSUs granted to a non-US citizen are referred to as "deferred stock units" or "DSUs". The Company measures the compensation cost of RSUs based on the closing price of the underlying shares at the grant date.

During the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company incurred $0.5 million and $0.2 million of compensation expense related to RSUs, respectively. As of September 30, 2023, there is $1.2 million remaining compensation expense related to RSUs, which will be recorded over a weighted average vesting period of approximately 2.0 years.

Cash Incentive Bonus Award

Effective for the first quarter of fiscal 2024, a cash incentive bonus is payable at the end of the fiscal 2024-2027 employment term of our chief executive officer ("CEO") (subject to acceleration in the event of certain terminations of employment or a change in control) equal to two percent of the total stockholder return on the outstanding shares at June 30, 2023, including dividends paid during the employment term, minus the total salary and annual cash bonuses that were paid to our CEO for services during the employment term. This award is analogous to a cash-settled stock appreciation right with a base price that is at a premium over the market price of our shares at the grant date, such premium being measured by the direct cash compensation paid to the CEO during the four-year term. The award is generally equivalent to stock appreciation rights on 466,728 shares with a base price of $36.32, including dividend equivalents but subject to adjustment for the specified compensation offsets.

The fair value of this liability award is estimated with a valuation model that uses certain assumptions, such as expected volatility, risk-free interest rate, life of the award, and strike price. The Company also estimates the most probable aggregate total of the performance bonus to be paid over the performance period, including the aggregate dividends paid during the measurement period in determining the strike price of the award. The grant date fair value of this liability award was $5.7 million. The fair value of this liability award was $3.3 million as of September 30, 2023.

Compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the performance period, with the amount recognized fluctuating due to remeasurement of fair value at the end of each reporting period because the award is classified as a liability-award. During the three months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recognized $0.2 million of compensation expense related to this cash incentive bonus award.

Certain Anti-Takeover Provisions

The Company’s certificate of incorporation and by-laws contain certain anti-takeover provisions that could have the effect of making it more difficult for a third-party to acquire, or of discouraging a third-party from attempting to acquire, control of the Company without negotiating with its board of directors. Such provisions could limit the price that certain investors might be willing to pay in the future for the Company’s securities. Certain of such provisions allow the Company to issue preferred stock with rights senior to those of the common stock or impose various procedural and other requirements which could make it more difficult for stockholders to effect certain corporate actions.